Many adolescents enter adulthood with significant risk factors for heart disease, such as high blood pressure, obesity, and Type 2 diabetes, according to a new scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Published in the Journal of the American Heart Association, the report highlights the transition from adolescence to emerging adulthood (ages 18 to mid-20s) as a pivotal time to intervene and promote lifelong cardiovascular health.
The statement, titled “Cardiovascular Health in the Transition from Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood,” emphasizes that this life stage is marked by brain maturation, greater independence, and lifestyle changes that can negatively impact heart health. Dr. Jewel Scott, chair of the writing group, noted, “Emerging adulthood is a time of significant planning, often centered around career development and forming close personal relationships. This pivotal phase is also an ideal time to establish health practices that support lifelong heart health.”
Key challenges include reduced access to health care after high school, sedentary behavior, weight gain, and poor dietary habits. The report also highlights the rise in tobacco use among young adults, particularly e-cigarettes, and calls for more research on vaping’s long-term effects.
Social determinants of health, such as education, neighborhood environment, and economic stability, play a crucial role. For example, economically disadvantaged neighborhoods often lack safe spaces for physical activity, while financial instability can limit access to nutritious food and health care. The statement advocates for policies to address these inequities and improve healthcare access, including expanded insurance coverage and telehealth options.
Dr. Scott added, “We highlight some of the populations that need extra effort or attention tailored to their unique circumstances, such as those moving out of the foster care system and others who have barriers engaging with the health care system.”
The report underscores the need for targeted interventions during this critical life stage, including integrating heart health education into schools and leveraging technology to reach young adults. By addressing risk factors early, the long-term burden of cardiovascular disease could be significantly reduced.
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