Researchers from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) have discovered that aligning stem cell transplants with the recipient’s circadian rhythms can significantly reduce the risk of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). Published in Cell on March 31, the study highlights how infusing stem cells early in the day minimizes complications, offering a promising strategy to improve transplant outcomes for patients with blood disorders and immune deficiencies.
The study, led by Prof. ZHAN Cheng and Chief Physician ZHU Xiaoyu, explored how the timing of stem cell infusions impacts aGVHD—a life-threatening condition where donor immune cells attack the recipient’s tissues. Using mouse models and clinical trials, the team found that the recipient’s internal clock, not the donor’s, played a pivotal role. Infusions conducted in the morning reduced both the incidence and severity of aGVHD.
Key findings included:
- Mouse Models: MHC-mismatched transplants showed that infusion timing (e.g., dawn vs. dusk) directly influenced aGVHD outcomes, while the timing of stem cell collection had no effect.
- Human Trials: Analyses of single-center and multicenter transplant cohorts in China confirmed that early-day infusions led to better patient outcomes.
“Our results suggest circadian rhythms are a modifiable factor in transplantation success,” noted Prof. ZHAN. The study underscores the potential of timing interventions to enhance allo-HSCT, a critical treatment for leukemia and other blood diseases.
By integrating circadian biology into transplant protocols, clinicians may lower aGVHD risks and improve survival rates. The team plans further research to refine optimal infusion windows, paving the way for more personalized and effective therapies.
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