A new study published in The Lancet Regional Health – Europe reveals that smokers and recent ex-smokers face higher risks of complications after elective surgery compared to non-smokers. Researchers from the University of Birmingham, supported by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), found that nearly 20% of elective surgery patients in Europe are current smokers, with younger and male patients disproportionately affected.
The study, part of the CASCADE cohort, analyzed data from 16,327 patients across 442 hospitals in 29 European countries. It highlighted that current smokers and those who quit within a year before surgery had significantly higher odds of postoperative complications, including extended hospital stays. Notably, smoking rates were highest among younger adults (26.8% in ages 18-40) and male patients (22.1%).
Dr. Sivesh Kamarajah, the lead author, emphasized the need for stronger smoking cessation programs, stating, “Embedding these strategies into elective surgical systems could improve outcomes and reduce costs for healthcare providers like the NHS.” The findings challenge current guidelines, which recommend quitting six weeks before surgery, as complications persisted even up to a year after cessation.
With Europe having the highest regional smoking prevalence globally, the study underscores the urgency of integrating smoking cessation support into preoperative care. Such measures could enhance surgical outcomes and long-term health while alleviating the burden on healthcare systems. Future research may explore optimal timing for quitting smoking before surgery to minimize risks.
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