Researchers at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) have uncovered new insights into how cells navigate complex environments by combining biological experiments with mathematical modeling. Published in iScience, the study used fruit fly egg chambers to demonstrate that both tissue structure and chemical signals influence cell movement. These findings could advance understanding of diseases like cancer and improve medical treatments.
The study focused on border cells in fruit fly egg chambers, a model system for human cell migration. Unlike earlier models that emphasized chemical signals alone, the team discovered that the physical shape of the tissue—narrow tubes alternating with wider gaps—plays a critical role in guiding cells.
“This paper takes an interdisciplinary focus with tight collaboration between a mathematical framework and experimental design,” said mathematician Brad Peercy, a co-author. The team found that cells speed up in narrow tubes and slow down in larger gaps, a pattern confirmed through advanced imaging and mathematical simulations.
Biologist Alex George, another co-author, likened the process to Hansel and Gretel following breadcrumbs through a forest: “In a flat landscape, the path is clear, but in complex terrain, the trail becomes unpredictable.” Naghmeh Akhavan, who developed the mathematical models, added, “When our model aligns perfectly with experimental results, it’s incredibly rewarding.”
“Most research has focused on chemical or structural signals alone,” noted biologist Michelle Starz-Gaiano. “This study shows how they interact, which could be key for controlling cell movement in medical applications.”
The research opens new avenues for understanding cell migration in wound healing, immune responses, and cancer metastasis. Future work will refine these models, with recent imaging experiments capturing previously unseen chemoattractant dynamics. “We’re excited to see where this leads next,” said Starz-Gaiano.
Add comment