A recent study published in BMJ Nutrition Prevention & Health reveals that low-calorie diets may heighten the risk of depressive symptoms, particularly among men and overweight individuals. The research, based on data from 28,525 U.S. adults, suggests that restrictive eating patterns could negatively impact mental health, contradicting some previous findings.
The study analyzed dietary patterns and depressive symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Participants were categorized into four groups: those on calorie-restrictive diets, nutrient-restrictive diets, established dietary patterns (e.g., for diabetes), and those not on any specific diet.
Key findings include:
- Participants on calorie-restrictive diets scored 0.29 points higher on the PHQ-9 scale compared to those not dieting.
- Overweight individuals on calorie-restrictive diets showed a 0.46-point increase, while nutrient-restrictive diets were linked to a 0.61-point rise in depressive symptoms.
- Men and obese individuals were more susceptible to cognitive-affective and somatic symptoms when following restrictive diets.
The researchers noted that real-life restrictive diets might lack essential nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin B12, which are critical for brain health. This could explain the observed gender disparities, as men may have higher nutritional needs.
Professor Sumantra Ray, a co-owner of the journal, commented: “This study adds to emerging evidence linking diet and mental health, but the small effect sizes and study limitations warrant further research.”
While the study highlights potential risks of restrictive diets, the authors emphasize the need for more rigorous research to confirm these findings. For now, a balanced diet rich in whole foods remains the best approach for both physical and mental well-being.
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